2023 international evidence-based guideline pcos glp-1 receptor agonist Evidence‐Based Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Update: Insights From a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis on Elevated Clinical Cardiovascular Disease in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Expanding therapeutic horizons: glucagon-like peptide-1

Like metformin, liraglutide stimulates AMPK and lowers the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) [68], [69]

Liraglutide inhibited AGEs induced coronary smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition through inhibiting the NF-B signal pathway

(Seoul.) 36 , 647660 (2021)

and reducing stellate cell activation, potentially reducing their fibrotic response to liver injury [37]

In particular, long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause gastric mucosal damage as they can inhibit mitochondrially encoded cytochrome C oxidase I (MT-CO1, also known as COX-1) and block its protective effect on gastric mucosa