effects of chew tobacco can chewing cause lung cancer Chewing Tobacco and Its Harmful on Oral Health Chewing Tobacco Invites Cancer -

10.1001/archpsyc.58.9.844 57

Defective efferocytosis facilitates leakage of apoptotic cell contents into the surrounding tissue exposing neighboring cells to noxious intracellular components, such as enzymes (e.g., proteases and caspases) and oxidants

Research has shown that smokers have twice the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma than nonsmokers

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 16.Peto R, Gray R, Collins R, Wheatley K, Hennekens C, Jamrozik K, et al

Additionally, the duration of passive exposure over the years can compound the effects, suggesting that long-term exposure to secondhand smoke might lead to more significant hormonal disruptions over time