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These symptoms include cravings, increased appetite, and irritability

Interestingly, a study investigating sub-chronic exposure to carbon nanotube (CNT) particles, cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and their combination on lung microbiota found that CSE altered lung microbiota, shifting from Proteobacteria to Bacteroidetes, while co-exposure with CNT resulted in mixed microbial effects, including increased Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes

14 Smokers with COVID-19 are more likely to require ventilation, have a major cardiovascular event, or to die, regardless of their sociodemographic or medical history

doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7480.1424

Disruptions or imbalances in this microbiomereferred to as respiratory dysbiosishave been linked to a range of chronic respiratory conditions, including asthma, COPD, and recurrent respiratory infections [39,40,41]