does glutathione cross the bloodbrain barrier Oxidative stress, blood–brain and neurodegenerative diseases: The critical beneficial role of dietary antioxidants Functionalized Nanomaterials Capable of Crossing
Description
4.1.3 Clinical application of glutathione As the major intracellular antioxidant, glutathione effciently alleviates oxidative pressure levels in periodontal tissues (Ribas et al., 2014), (Valenti et al., 2023)

Proponents argue that peptides are relatively low-risk

Plasma homocysteine levels increase following stress in older but not younger men
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Although much more is known about thiol-disulfide regulation mediated by TRX (Buchanan and Ballmer, 2005), GRX are also important players in redox regulation (see section 8.3)

Ice crystal formation can damage the peptide structure and reduce potency
