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Experts say older adults and people following vegan or vegetarian diets are among those most at risk of a vitamin B12 deficiency

High-purity mRNA, achieved through purification techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), minimizes unwanted immune activation by removing these contaminants (Weissman et al., 2013)

Choline: This nutrient is essential for liver function and fat metabolism

Hyperpigmentation is often more pronounced on the limbs, primarily on the dorsum of the hands and feet, in flexural areas, and occasionally on the nails, tongue, and oral mucous membranes.3 Since hyperpigmentation is a nonspecific symptom, a broad range of differential diagnoses should be considered in such cases: diabetes mellitus, Addison disease, Cushing syndrome, post-inflammatory lesions, amyloidosis, melanosis of the skin, heavy metal deposition, thyroid disease, tumors, drug reactions, and porphyria cutanea tarda, among others.4 The pathophysiology of hyperpigmentation is still a matter of debate

While some users report short-term benefits, the absence of extensive, well-conducted studies prevents us from fully understanding potential long-term risks