l carnitine liver function L-Carnitine L-Tartrate: 8 Key Benefits Carnitine Deficiency: What Is It,

35 TakahashiK.KamijoY.HoraK.HashimotoK.HiguchiM.NakajimaT.et al (2011)

In PA, loss-of-function mutations in PCCA or PCCB result in reduced or absent propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) activity 7 , which hinders propionyl-CoA catabolism

For general health and fat metabolism, dosages like 500 mg to 2,000 mg per day are common

The mass spectrometry conditions: High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry system SCIEX Triple TOF 6500+ with full scan in ESI ionization mode with positive and negative ion detection modes, respectively, in the TOF/MS scan range (m/z: 1001000)

Carnitine transports fatty acids to the mitochondria where they undergo beta-oxidation for energy